SSM整合

SSM整合步骤

1. 创建项目，导入依赖：

    <dependencies>
        <!--spring mvc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--spring jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.16</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--spring test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--spring mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.6</version>
        </dependency>


        <!--servlet-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--jackson mvc要用到-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <port>80</port>
                    <path>/</path>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

2. 创建配置类

Spring配置类：SpringConfig

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.itheima.service"})
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class,MyBatisConfig.class})
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class SpringConfig {
}

jdbc配置类,JdbcConfig

public class JdbcConfig {
    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;
    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource(){
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);
        dataSource.setUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUsername(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource){
        DataSourceTransactionManager ds = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
        ds.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return ds;
    }
}

Mybatis配置类，MybatisConfig

public class MyBatisConfig {
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource){
        SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        factoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.itheima.domain");
        return factoryBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer(){
        MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
        msc.setBasePackage("com.itheima.dao");
        return msc;
    }
}

连接数据库资源文件：jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_db
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

SpringMVC配置类:SpringMvcConfig

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.itheima.controller")
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}

Web项目入口配置类:ServletConfig

public class ServletConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    //加载Spring配置类
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
    }
    //加载SpringMVC配置类
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
    }
    //设置SpringMVC请求地址拦截规则
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
    //设置post请求中文乱码过滤器
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding("utf-8");
        return new Filter[]{filter};
    }
}

3. 功能模块开发：

dao接口：

public interface BookDao {
//    @Insert("insert into tbl_book values(null,#{type},#{name},#{description})")
    @Insert("insert into tbl_book (type,name,description) values(#{type},#{name},#{description})")
    public void save(Book book);

    @Update("update tbl_book set type = #{type}, name = #{name}, description = #{description} where id = #{id}")
    public void update(Book book);

    @Delete("delete from tbl_book where id = #{id}")
    public void delete(Integer id);

    @Select("select * from tbl_book where id = #{id}")
    public Book getById(Integer id);

    @Select("select * from tbl_book")
    public List<Book> getAll();
}

service实现类：

@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    public boolean save(Book book) {
        bookDao.save(book);
        return true;
    }

    public boolean update(Book book) {
        bookDao.update(book);
        return true;
    }

    public boolean delete(Integer id) {
        bookDao.delete(id);
        return true;
    }

    public Book getById(Integer id) {
        return bookDao.getById(id);
    }

    public List<Book> getAll() {
        return bookDao.getAll();
    }
}

Controller控制器：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {

    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;

    @PostMapping
    public boolean save(@RequestBody Book book) {
        return bookService.save(book);
    }

    @PutMapping
    public boolean update(@RequestBody Book book) {
        return bookService.update(book);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable Integer id) {
        return bookService.delete(id);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Book getById(@PathVariable Integer id) {
        return bookService.getById(id);
    }

    @GetMapping
    public List<Book> getAll() {
        return bookService.getAll();
    }
}

单元测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)
public class BookServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;

    @Test
    public void testGetById(){
        Book book = bookService.getById(1);
        System.out.println(book);
    }
}

统一返回结果封装

返回结果Result类设置为Object

public class Result {
    //描述统一格式中的数据
    private Object data;
    //描述统一格式中的编码，用于区分操作，可以简化配置0或1表示成功失败
    private Integer code;
    //描述统一格式中的消息，可选属性
    private String msg;

    public Result() {
    }
	//构造方法是方便对象的创建
    public Result(Integer code,Object data) {
        this.data = data;
        this.code = code;
    }
	//构造方法是方便对象的创建
    public Result(Integer code, Object data, String msg) {
        this.data = data;
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
    }
	//setter...getter...省略
}

返回码定义Code类：

//状态码
public class Code {
    public static final Integer SAVE_OK = 20011;
    public static final Integer DELETE_OK = 20021;
    public static final Integer UPDATE_OK = 20031;
    public static final Integer GET_OK = 20041;

    public static final Integer SAVE_ERR = 20010;
    public static final Integer DELETE_ERR = 20020;
    public static final Integer UPDATE_ERR = 20030;
    public static final Integer GET_ERR = 20040;
}

推荐使用范型T

...

异常处理

异常处理器类

//@RestControllerAdvice用于标识当前类为REST风格对应的异常处理器
@RestControllerAdvice
public class ProjectExceptionAdvice {
    //除了自定义的异常处理器，保留对Exception类型的异常处理，用于处理非预期的异常
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public Result doException(Exception ex){
      	System.out.println("捕获到异常！")
        return new Result(666,null,"捕获到异常！");
    }
}

需要保证Spring MVC可以扫描到异常处理类

在这个异常处理类里面可以返回Result给前端

自定义异常处理类

系统异常：

//自定义异常处理器，用于封装异常信息，对异常进行分类
public class SystemException extends RuntimeException{
    private Integer code;

    public Integer getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public void setCode(Integer code) {
        this.code = code;
    }

    public SystemException(Integer code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
    }

    public SystemException(Integer code, String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
        this.code = code;
    }
}

业务层异常：

//自定义异常处理器，用于封装异常信息，对异常进行分类
public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException{
    private Integer code;

    public Integer getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public void setCode(Integer code) {
        this.code = code;
    }

    public BusinessException(Integer code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
    }

    public BusinessException(Integer code, String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
        this.code = code;
    }
}

让自定义异常类继承RuntimeException的好处是，后期在抛出这两个异常的时候，就不用在try...catch...或throws了

处理器中处理自定义异常：

//@RestControllerAdvice用于标识当前类为REST风格对应的异常处理器
@RestControllerAdvice
public class ProjectExceptionAdvice {
    //@ExceptionHandler用于设置当前处理器类对应的异常类型
    @ExceptionHandler(SystemException.class)
    public Result doSystemException(SystemException ex){
        //记录日志
        //发送消息给运维
        //发送邮件给开发人员,ex对象发送给开发人员
        return new Result(ex.getCode(),null,ex.getMessage());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public Result doBusinessException(BusinessException ex){
        return new Result(ex.getCode(),null,ex.getMessage());
    }

    //除了自定义的异常处理器，保留对Exception类型的异常处理，用于处理非预期的异常
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public Result doOtherException(Exception ex){
        //记录日志
        //发送消息给运维
        //发送邮件给开发人员,ex对象发送给开发人员
        return new Result(Code.SYSTEM_UNKNOW_ERR,null,"系统繁忙，请稍后再试！");
    }
}

拦截器

拦截器Interceptor和过滤器Filter的区别：

• 归属不同：Filter属于Servlet技术，Interceptor属于SpringMVC技术
• 拦截内容不同：Filter对所有访问进行增强，Interceptor仅针对SpringMVC的访问进行增强

创建拦截器

1. 创建拦截器：实现HandlerInterceptor接口，重写接口中的三个方法。

@Component
//定义拦截器类，实现HandlerInterceptor接口
//注意当前类必须受Spring容器控制
public class ProjectInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    //原始方法调用前执行的内容
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle...");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    //原始方法调用后执行的内容
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle...");
    }

    @Override
    //原始方法调用完成后执行的内容
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
    }
}

拦截器需要被Spring MVC扫描到

拦截器中的preHandler方法，如果返回true,则代表放行，会执行原始Controller类中要请求的方法，如果返回false，则代表拦截，后面的就不会再执行了。

2. 配置拦截器类

@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    @Autowired
    private ProjectInterceptor projectInterceptor;

    @Override
    protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
    }

    @Override
    protected void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        //配置拦截器
        registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books" );
    }
}

3. SpringMVC扫描

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.itheima.controller","com.itheima.config"})
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig{ 
}

上面的拦截器类存在一些问题：比如拦截/books,但是这样实际上是不会拦截例如/books/1这种请求，因此需要进行更改如下：

registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books","/books/*" );

SpringMvcSupport可以简化编写

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.itheima.controller"})
@EnableWebMvc
//实现WebMvcConfigurer接口可以简化开发，但具有一定的侵入性
public class SpringMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Autowired
    private ProjectInterceptor projectInterceptor;

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        //配置多拦截器
        registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books","/books/*");
    }
}

这样就不用再写SpringMvcSupport类了。

拦截器参数：

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("preHandle");
    return true;
}

• request:请求对象
• response:响应对象
• handler:被调用的处理器对象，本质上是一个方法对象，对反射中的Method对象进行了再包装

使用request对象可以获取请求数据中的内容，如获取请求头的Content-Type

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
    String contentType = request.getHeader("Content-Type");
    System.out.println("preHandle..."+contentType);
    return true;
}

使用handler参数，可以获取方法的相关信息

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
    HandlerMethod hm = (HandlerMethod)handler;
    String methodName = hm.getMethod().getName();//可以获取方法的名称
    System.out.println("preHandle..."+methodName);
    return true;
}

配置多个拦截器：

第二个拦截器

@Component
public class ProjectInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle...222");
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle...222");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion...222");
    }
}

配置拦截器：

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.itheima.controller"})
@EnableWebMvc
//实现WebMvcConfigurer接口可以简化开发，但具有一定的侵入性
public class SpringMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Autowired
    private ProjectInterceptor projectInterceptor;
    @Autowired
    private ProjectInterceptor2 projectInterceptor2;

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        //配置多拦截器
        registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books","/books/*");
        registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor2).addPathPatterns("/books","/books/*");
    }
}

执行顺序：

进去：先1，后2，

中间：先2，后1

出来：先2，后1